Importance Self Care toward Avian Influenza
09.18 Posted In artikel Edit This 0 Comments »BY:
RAUDATUL JANNAH
[NURSING PROGRAME III A]
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NURSING PROGRAME
HIGH SCHOOL OF HEALTH JENDERAL AHMAD YANI
YOGYAKARTA
2011
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
In 130 cases of avian influenza for humanbeing, 67 people have died in Kamboja, China, Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam from 2003.
Avian influenza has become the most dangerous threat for Indonesia with case fatality rate of 80%. in Juny 2007, in Indonesian there are one hundred (100) people suffer from bird flue and eighty (80) people died.
Among other countries, Indonesian becomes a country that must work hard to overcome avian influenza (extraordinary events) because the statistic data show that Indonesia got the most victims who suffered from avian influenza.
1.2 Purpose
This paper aim to discuss four main problem
1. To understand definition of avian influenza
2. To know cause of avian influenza
3. To know sgns and symptoms of avian influenza
4. To know how to avoid and prevent avian influenza
1.3 Probleme
To solve such problem, there are four questions to ask
1. What is avian influenza (H5N1)?
2. How we can suffer from avian influenza?
3. What are signs and symptoms of avian influenza?
4. How to avoid and prevent avian influenz
CHAPTER II
LITERARY REVIEW AND A DISCUSSION
2.1 What is Avian Influenza (H5N1)?
Avian influenza disease or bird flue is infectious disease that cause by influenza virus A and infectious by poultry.
Influenza viruses A are members of the family Orthomyxoviridae. The influenza viruses that constitute this family are classified into types A, B or C based on differences between their nucleoprotein and matrix protein antigens. Influenza viruses are further categorised into subtypes according to the antigens of the haemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N) projections on their surfaces. There are 16 haemagglutinin subtypes and 9 neuraminidase subtypes of influenza A viruses.
For humanbeing there are just H1N1, H2N2, H3N3, H5N1, H9N2, H1N2, and H7N7. That is different for animal (poultry), there are H1—H5 and N1—N98. The strain that dangerous and cause bird flue is sub type A H5N1.
Not all animals can attack the virus in humans. Bird flu virus the ability to turn it off high-level or high-pathogenic avian influenza - and can infect humans (zoonoses) - is a type of H5N1 and H9N2. The virus can survive in water for 4 days at 22°C or over 30 days at 0°C. This virus will die at 60 º C heating for 30 minutes or
56 º C for 3 hours with a detergent / desinfectant such as formalin and iodine-containing liquid.
2.2 How We Can Suffer From Avian Influenza?
There are two kinds avian influenza contagion. The first is life fabric media and non- living things
In life fabric media, bird flue will be active and enter into cells. The nucleus of bird flue will multiply in life cells and maked new virus. During the formation of a new virus, flue virus will change the protein in cells as an energy and make the protein damage. The cause of bird (poultry) get this virus is the damage of protein.
Avian influenza is infectious from bird (poultry) to bird (poultry) and from bird to human through saliva gland, mucus of nose and feces. This disease spread by air that is infectious of H5N1 virus. Infection from bird to human can happen if someone touches birds that get infection of bird flue.
There are three definitions of avian influenza. They are suspected cases, probable cases and confirmation cases.
Suspected cases refer to someone who suffers from upper respiratory tract infection (ISPA) with fever (temp > 38 oC), caugh, shorethroat and with one of these situations:
· Visit the poultry that causes avian influenza
· Contact with confirmation cases of avian influenza (infection mass).
· Work at a laboraturium that doing prosses human specimen or animal who suspected bird flue.
Probable cases refer to suspected cases with one of these conditions:
· Limit of laboratory proof for influenza firus A (H5N1)
· In short time, it continues to be respiration failure pneumonia/dead
· The proof is not caused by another
Confirmation cases refer to suspected cases or probable cases with one of these laboratory examinations:
· Culture of influenza virus H5N1 positif (+)
· PCR of influenza (H5) positif (+)
· Increase of a antybody titer H5 fourthly
2.3 Signs and Symptoms of Avian Influenza
The incubation period is 3 to 5 days in general but may be longer. Maximal incubation period is 21 days as defined by the OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Code.
Signs and symptoms for bird (poultry)
§ Blue comb
The birds (poultry) who suffer from avian influenza will have blue comb.
§ Sudden dead
In highly pathogenic avian influenza , the disease appears suddenly in a flock and many birds die either without premonitory signs or with minimal signs of depression, inappetence, ruffled feathers and fever.
§ Sores on the feet
Bird will have sores on the feet if it suffer from avian influenza
Signs and syptoms for humanbeing
§ High fever > 38°
Fever that cause of avian influenza and another virus is different. When the humanbeing suffer from avian influenza, they will get high fever >38°.
§ Caugh and shorethroat
§ Pneumonia
Pneumonia is inflammation in parenkim paru, and distal from terminalis bronkiolus.
§ Infection of eyes
§ Pain of muscle
§ Upper respiratory tract inflamation
2.4 How to Avoid and Prevent Avian Influenza?
The best way to avoid becoming infected with this virus is not in contact with live poultry outbreaks of avian influenza which is circulating. We are also advised to wash hands immediately after coming into contact with chickens, birds or other fowl.
The way to prevent avian influenza:
· Everyone associated with the material derived from the gastrointestinal tract of poultry should wear protection (masks, golve)
· Ingredients derived from poultry digestive tract such as faeces should be managed properly (planted / burned) in order not to be a source of infection for the people around him.
· The tools are used in animal husbandry should be washed with disinfectant
· Cages and feces should not be removed from the farm location
· Eating meat chicken has cooked at a temperature of 80 ° C for 1 minute, while the eggs of poultry need to be heated at a temperature of 64 ° C for 5 minutes
· Implement environmental cleanliness
· Personal hygine
CHAPTER III CLOSING
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
3.1 Conclusion
After reading and understanding of “avian influenza” from a paper that has written above, it can be concluded that:
Avian influenza disease or bird flue is infectious disease that cause by influenza virus A and infectious by poultry. Influenza viruses A are members of the family Orthomyxoviridae. There are 16 haemagglutinin (H) subtypes and 9 neuraminidase (N) subtypes of influenza A viruses.
For humanbeing there are just H1N1, H2N2, H3N3, H5N1, H9N2, H1N2, and H7N7. That is different for animal (poultry), there are H1—H5 and N1—N98. The strain that dangerous and cause bird flue is sub type A H5N1.
3.2 Suggestion
To avoid avian influenza, we can do some this points:
v We should wash hands immediately after coming into contact with chickens, birds or other fowl.
v Everyone associated with the material derived from the gastrointestinal tract of poultry should wear protection (masks, golve)
v Ingredients derived from poultry digestive tract such as faeces should be managed properly (planted / burned) in order not to be a source of infection for the people around him.
v The tools are used in animal husbandry should be washed with disinfectant
v Cages and feces should not be removed from the farm location
v Eating meat chicken has cooked at a temperature of 80 ° C for 1 minute, while the eggs of poultry need to be heated at a temperature of 64 ° C for 5 minutes
v Implement environmental cleanliness
v Personal hygine
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